Pests and disease management is the process of identifying, monitoring, and controlling pests (like insects, weeds, and rodents) and plant diseases (caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, etc.) to minimize their negative impact on crop production. It involves using a combination of cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical methods to protect crops, ensuring healthy growth and sustainable … Read more
A farm is a piece of land where people grow crops, raise animals, or do both to produce food and other products. It involves various agricultural activities, such as planting, harvesting, and caring for livestock, often using modern tools and methods to improve efficiency and sustainability. Modern agriculture is evolving quickly, and farm mechanization plays … Read more
Agriculture today is evolving rapidly thanks to modern technology and innovative practices. Farmers are now using tools and techniques that were once unimaginable to boost yields, protect the environment, and ensure a sustainable future. In this document, we will explore three key areas of modern agriculture: precision farming and technology in agronomy, sustainable farming practices … Read more
Impact of Weather and Planet on Crop production Weather and climate play a vital role in crop production. They determine the growing season, influence plant growth, and affect crop yield and quality. Weather refers to the short-term conditions of the atmosphere such as temperature, rainfall, and wind while climate describes long-term patterns and averages in … Read more
Weeds are unwanted plants that grow with crops. They compete with crops for water, nutrients, and light. This competition can reduce crop yield and quality. Managing weeds is a key part of modern agriculture. Farmers use a variety of techniques to control weeds. In this document, we explain weed classification and biology, Integrated Weed Management … Read more
Nutrient management for crops is a systematic process that involves assessing soil nutrient levels, determining crop-specific nutrient needs, and applying the right mix of organic and inorganic fertilizers at the right time. This approach maximizes crop yield and quality while preserving soil health and minimizing environmental impacts. Nutrient management for crops is a comprehensive practice … Read more
Agriculture is the backbone of many economies, and effective cropping systems play a crucial role in ensuring food security and environmental sustainability. Farmers use various cropping methods to enhance productivity and maintain soil health. Some important cropping systems include multiple cropping, intercropping, crop rotation, integrated crop management (ICM), and sustainable agriculture practices. This article explores … Read more
The soil–water–plant relationship is a foundational concept in agriculture and environmental science. It explains how soil properties, water availability, and plant characteristics interact to affect plant growth and productivity. At its core, healthy crops depend on soil that holds the right amount of water and nutrients, effective water management practices, and measures that prevent soil … Read more
Crop physiology is the study of the internal functions and processes that underpin plant growth and development. It integrates genetic, biochemical, and environmental perspectives to understand how plants convert energy, regulate metabolism, and respond to stresses. A deep understanding of crop physiology is critical to enhancing yield, resource efficiency, and stress resilience in modern agriculture. … Read more
Fundamentals of Plant Pathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens and environmental factors. It is crucial in ensuring food security, managing agricultural productivity, and protecting the environment. The field encompasses the identification, biology, and management of plant diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, and other pathogens, along with the interactions … Read more