BSc. Ag

Integrated Nutrient Management (INM): Concept, Relevance, and Key Components

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Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) Concept, Relevance, and Key Components

Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) is a holistic strategy that integrates chemical fertilizers, organic manures, and biological sources to maximize crop nutrition and soil fertility. Maintaining agricultural output, enhancing soil health, and reducing environmental effects are its main objectives. Given the growing need for food worldwide, the deterioration of the soil, and the requirement for sustainable … Read more

Fertilizer Efficiency: Tillage and Traction’s Influence

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Fertilizer Efficiency Tillage and Traction's Influence

Fertilizer efficiency is affected by a number of factors, including crop type, environmental conditions, crop rotation and cover crops, fertilizer type and application, and soil parameters (pH, texture, and organic matter). Sustainable agriculture depends on maximizing fertilizer use efficiency and comprehending how tillage and traction affect soil fertility. Conventional or conservation tillage techniques have an … Read more

Soil management for sustainable agriculture

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Soil management for sustainable agriculture

In order to guarantee long-term agricultural productivity and environmental stewardship, soil management for sustainable agriculture focuses on preserving and improving soil health. Crop rotation, reduced tillage, organic amendments, cover crops, and effective water management are important techniques. Sustainable soil management protects natural resources, enhances nutrient cycling, and reduces the effects of climate change by fostering … Read more

Soil Fertility Evaluation Methods

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Soil Fertility Evaluation Methods

Agricultural soil management and understanding require a variety of approaches, which are included in soil fertility evaluation methods. Soil nutrient availability, microbial activity, and general health are all elucidated by means of various techniques such as biological tests, visual diagnosis, plant analysis, and soil testing. Analyzing soil composition, pH, and nutrient levels requires both chemical … Read more

Plant Nutrients-Sources, Functions, Deficiency Symptoms and Control Measure

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Plant Nutrients-Sources, Functions, Deficiency Symptoms and Control Measure

Plant Nutrients are vital components needed for growth, development, and reproduction. They are divided into three groups: micronutrients (iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, and molybdenum), secondary nutrients (calcium, magnesium, and sulfur), and macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium). In plant processes like photosynthesis, enzyme activation, and protein synthesis, each nutrient has a distinct purpose. The symptoms … Read more

Organic manure-Source, Classification and Preparation

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Organic manure-Source, Classification and Preparation

Specifically in Nepal, sustainable agriculture relies heavily on green manuring, bio-gas, bio-fertilizers, and organic manure. Plant and animal wastes that have broken down into organic manure increase the fertility of the soil. Green manuring is the process of growing and adding particular plants to improve soil health, whereas bio-fertilizers contain beneficial microorganisms that increase nutrient … Read more

Organic matter-Source, Composition and Function

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Organic matter-Source, Composition and Function

The sources of organic matter (OM) in soil include microbial biomass, excretions, animal remains, and plant residues. Its complex mixture of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, lignin, and humic substances is vital to the health of the soil. By storing nutrients and enhancing the capacity for cation exchange, OM improves soil fertility. It also supports soil structure … Read more

Introduction to micronutrients-function, deficiency symptoms and control measure

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Introduction to micronutrients-function, deficiency symptoms and control measure

Micronutrients are necessary substances that plants need in trace amounts, but they are vital to many physiological functions. Key micronutrients required for plant growth and development include iron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, boron, chlorine, and nickel. Every nutrient has a distinct purpose; iron is needed to synthesize chlorophyll, whereas zinc facilitates the activation of enzymes. … Read more

Historical development of soil fertility and plant nutrition

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Historical development of soil fertility and plant nutrition

Soil fertility and plant nutrition have developed historically, moving from prehistoric farming methods to more sophisticated scientific knowledge. The practical applications of crop rotation and manuring were carried out by early civilizations without their understanding of the fundamental concepts. Early observations were made by classical thinkers such as Theophrastus, but real development started in the … Read more

Linear programming- concept, and approach

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Linear programming- concept, and approach

A mathematical technique known as linear programming (LP) is used to optimize a linear objective function while taking into account a set of linear constraints. It entails determining the optimal result—such as cost reduction or profit maximization—given the constraints of available resources. Determining the choice variables, building the objective function, and expressing constraints as linear … Read more