Agriculture program planning cycle is a systematic strategy to meeting the needs of farmers and rural communities. It employs a variety of planning methods, including top-down, bottom-up, and participatory techniques, and operates at multiple levels, ranging from national to municipal to individual farms. The program planning cycle consists of several essential steps: needs assessment, problem … Read more
Gender needs refer to the specific requirements or interests of individuals based on their gender roles and social positioning. Gender Needs Gender needs are categorized into two types: Both types of needs must be addressed to create meaningful gender equity. Gender Roles Gender roles refer to the anticipated behaviours, jobs, and responsibilities allocated to people … Read more
Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities, and characteristics that a society believes are suitable for men, women, and other gender identities. Gender is a complicated interaction of society expectations, norms, and individual identity, whereas sex is biological (male, female, or intersex). Some key gender-related concepts include: Gender Segregation and Stratification Gender segregation … Read more
Program Planning in Agricultural extension is guided by core ideas and a philosophy that emphasizes the necessity of being needs-driven, inclusive, adaptable, and sustainable. The principles emphasize community engagement, resource optimization, and integration with larger development efforts, while the philosophy emphasizes the importance of people-centered development, knowledge empowerment, and long-term sustainability. These aspects work together … Read more
Program planning in agricultural extension is the systematic design and organization of extension operations to meet the unique requirements and problems of farmers and rural communities. It entails identifying needs, establishing specific goals, and devising ways to boost agricultural productivity, empower farmers, and encourage sustainable practices. The scope of program planning extends from resource allocation … Read more
Micro-finance is the provision of financial services, such as loans, savings, insurance, and other basic financial products, to individuals or small enterprises without access to standard banking services. These financial services are largely aimed at low-income populations, particularly women, small business owners, and rural communities, with the goal of improving their economic conditions and providing … Read more
Local leaders play an important role in rural development initiatives by encouraging community engagement, enabling communication between communities and development organizations, and leading decision-making procedures. Their in-depth awareness of local requirements and conditions guarantees that development programs are relevant, effective, and sustainable. They contribute to the long-term viability and good impact of rural development projects … Read more
Decentralization for development is the transfer of decision-making authority, resources, and responsibilities from central governments to local governments or communities. It seeks to improve government, service delivery, and participation by bringing decision-making closer to citizens. Decentralisation is regarded as an important technique for encouraging local development, increasing responsibility, and empowering communities. Decentralising governance systems allows … Read more
The process of social mobilization, institutional development, participatory planning, plan implementation, and sustainable use of results represents a comprehensive framework that ensures community engagement, the establishment of strong institutions, inclusive planning, effective execution, and long-term sustainability of outcomes. This process is especially important in areas like community development, public policy, and social reform. Social Mobilization … Read more
Leadership is the ability to guide, motivate, and persuade others toward a common objective. A leader is someone who guides and motivates people to achieve a common objective, and they play an important role in determining the direction and success of a team or organization. Leaders can take many different shapes, including authoritarian, democratic, laissez-faire, … Read more