Clean milk production is essential in the dairy business to ensure that milk is safe, nutritious, and free of pollutants. Clean milk is described as milk that is devoid of hazardous germs, dirt, debris, chemicals, and other pollutants that could compromise the milk’s quality and safety. The value of providing clean milk cannot be emphasised, … Read more
In Forensic entomology, species such as blowflies and beetles are critical for determining the time of death in human bodies because they inhabit and decay remains in predictable patterns. Insects serve important roles in forensic science and nutrition. Insects like crickets, mealworms, and grasshoppers provide a high-protein, sustainable food source that is rich in critical … Read more
Insects of public health concern include those that harm human health by transferring diseases, inducing allergic reactions, or infesting homes. Examples include mosquitoes, which spread malaria, dengue, and Zika; flies and cockroaches, which contaminate food and spread bacteria; ticks and fleas, which transmit diseases like Lyme disease and plague; and lice and bed bugs, which … Read more
Milking is the process of extracting milk from the mammary glands of animals, usually dairy cattle, goats, or sheep. This procedure has been crucial for dairy production for ages and can be done in a variety of ways. There are two main methods: hand milking and machine milking, each with advantages and disadvantages depending on … Read more
Milk secretion, also known as lactogenesis, refers to the production of milk within the mammary glands. Milk production in mammals, including humans, is a complex biological process regulated by hormones, physiological stimuli, and the interplay of the mammary glands and brain. This process is separated into two phases: milk secretion (lactogenesis) and milk letdown (milk … Read more
Industrial insects such as honey bees, silkworms, and lac insects contribute significantly to a variety of industries by creating useful products. Honey bees are vital for pollination, honey, and beeswax production, which is crucial in agriculture, food, and cosmetics. Silkworms produce silk, a valued natural fiber used in textiles and biotechnology. Lac insects secrete lac, … Read more
Veterinary insects are arthropods that have an impact on animal health by functioning as parasites, disease vectors, or causing irritation and allergies. Flies, ticks, lice, fleas, mites, and mosquitoes are among the key groups that can spread diseases such as heartworm, Lyme disease, and mange, as well as causing anemia and skin problems. Veterinary entomology … Read more
Lactation is the biological process by which mammals’ mammary glands produce and secrete milk to nurture their young. It is a complicated physiological function influenced by hormones, genetics, and environmental factors. This process starts throughout pregnancy with the development of the mammary glands and continues after birth with milk production and secretion. Mammary Glands The … Read more
Sprayers are essential equipment for effective pesticide application in agriculture, pest control, and gardening. The tank, pump, nozzles, pressure regulator, and control valve are all essential components. Proper calibration ensures that the sprayer applies the appropriate amount of pesticide, eliminating over- or under-application. This includes metering the sprayer’s output, inspecting the nozzles, and adjusting pressure … Read more
Physical Properties of Milk: Chemical Properties of Milk: Factors Affecting Milk: Milk content varies depending on various factors, including the animal’s species, breed, and physiological state, as well as environmental and management influences. Here are the main elements that influence the content of milk: 1. Species of the Animal 2. Breed of the Animal 3. … Read more