Introduction The Leguminosae or Fabaceae family, commonly referred to as the legume, pea, or bean family, is one of the largest families of flowering plants. This family includes economically and ecologically important species found throughout the world. The unique ability of these plants to fix atmospheric nitrogen makes them especially important in sustainable agriculture. They … Read more
Graminae or Poaceae Family The Graminae or Poaceae family, commonly known as the grass family, is one of the most economically important plant families in the world. This family includes staple food crops like rice, wheat, maize, barley, and oats, as well as pasture grasses and species used in biofuel production. Members of this family … Read more
Introduction Medicinal plants have been an integral part of human civilization for thousands of years, serving as natural remedies for various ailments. In traditional systems like Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, and Chinese medicine, herbs and plant extracts are primary components. In recent years, the value of medicinal plants has gained global recognition not only in traditional … Read more
Introduction Agrometeorology is the branch of meteorology that deals with the interactions between meteorological and hydrological factors and agriculture. It plays a vital role in helping farmers make decisions about crop planning, irrigation, pest and disease management, and harvesting. Climate change, on the other hand, refers to the long-term alteration in global or regional climate … Read more
Introduction Smart farming, also known as precision agriculture or digital farming, refers to the application of modern technologies and data-driven approaches to agriculture. It uses tools like sensors, GPS, IoT devices, robotics, drones, and data analytics to make farming more efficient, productive, and environmentally friendly. The main goal of smart farming is to optimize the … Read more
Introduction Seaweed refers to a wide variety of marine plants and algae that grow in oceans, seas, and other water bodies. It has been used for centuries in food, agriculture, medicine, and industry due to its high nutritional value and ecological importance. Seaweeds are found mostly along rocky shorelines and come in various colors such … Read more
Introduction Vermiponics is an innovative and eco-friendly agricultural technique that combines vermiculture (worm farming) and hydroponics (soilless plant cultivation). This method uses the nutrient-rich water from worm composting systems to feed plants in a hydroponic setup. It creates a sustainable, closed-loop system that efficiently recycles organic waste into a highly productive farming method. It is … Read more
Introduction Endophytes are microorganisms, mainly bacteria and fungi, that reside within the tissues of plants without causing any immediate, overt negative effects. These microorganisms form a symbiotic relationship with the host plant, providing numerous benefits such as improved growth, resistance to pests and diseases, and tolerance to abiotic stresses. In recent years, They have gained … Read more
Introduction Organic farming is an agricultural system that avoids or largely excludes the use of synthetic inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides, hormones, and feed additives. Instead, it relies on crop rotations, animal manures, off-farm organic waste, and biological pest control to maintain soil productivity and control pests. In Odisha, organic farming is gaining momentum due … Read more
Introduction Vermicomposting is a biological process in which earthworms convert organic waste into nutrient-rich compost through digestion. It is a sustainable and environmentally friendly method of recycling biodegradable waste into valuable organic fertilizer. This practice not only reduces the volume of waste but also enhances soil fertility, promotes plant growth, and supports organic farming practices. … Read more