Upshan
Introduction In the face of growing environmental challenges and rising energy demands, the world is shifting its focus toward sustainable solutions like renewable energy and green technology. These innovations offer promising alternatives to conventional fossil fuels, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, combat climate change, and create a cleaner and healthier planet. Renewable energy refers … Read more
INTRODUCTION Plant propagation is the process of creating new plants from existing ones. It is a fundamental aspect of horticulture, agriculture, and plant breeding. Two main methods of propagation exist: sexual propagation, which involves the use of seeds formed through the fusion of male and female gametes, and asexual propagation, which produces new plants without … Read more
Introduction Fruit and plantation crops play a vital role in ensuring nutritional security, income generation, employment creation, and ecological sustainability. These crops not only enrich our diets with essential vitamins, minerals, and fiber but also serve as valuable cash crops for farmers across tropical and subtropical regions. The cultivation of fruit and plantation crops has … Read more
Introduction Seed is the basic input in agriculture, just like a foundation is essential for a strong building. Without good quality seeds, the productivity of other agricultural inputs like fertilizers, water, and pesticides becomes limited. Seed technology plays a crucial role in increasing agricultural production by ensuring that high-quality seeds are available, accessible, and adaptable … Read more
1. Introduction to Forestry Forestry is a vital scientific discipline and practical activity concerned with the management, conservation, and sustainable use of forests and related resources. Forests cover about 31% of the Earth’s land area and are essential for maintaining ecological balance, supporting biodiversity, and providing resources and livelihoods to millions of people worldwide. Understanding … Read more
1. Introduction to Agricultural Heritage Agricultural heritage refers to the time-tested knowledge, practices, and systems developed by traditional societies for managing crops, livestock, and natural resources. Passed down through generations, these practices are closely tied to local cultures, climates, and ecosystems. They offer valuable insights for modern sustainable agriculture, food security, and environmental preservation. As … Read more
1. Introduction to Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology Plant biochemistry and biotechnology are integral fields of plant science that explain how plants function at the molecular level and how this knowledge can be applied to develop sustainable agricultural practices. Plant biochemistry focuses on the chemical processes and substances within plants, such as photosynthesis, respiration, and metabolism. … Read more
1. Introduction to Cutting Method of Vegetative Propagation The cutting method is one of the most widely used and effective forms of vegetative propagation. This technique involves taking a part of a parent plant, such as a stem, root, or leaf, and encouraging it to grow into a new, genetically identical plant. It is a … Read more
1. Introduction to Farming Systems and Sustainable Agriculture Farming systems and sustainable agriculture form the foundation of food production and environmental stewardship across the globe. These approaches emphasize not only increasing productivity but also ensuring that farming practices do not degrade the land, water, or biodiversity. As populations grow and climate challenges intensify, the need … Read more
1. Introduction to Budding Budding is a form of asexual plant propagation widely used in horticulture to clone plants with desirable traits. This technique involves the insertion of a single bud from one plant (scion) into the stem or rootstock of another compatible plant. Once the bud heals and starts to grow, it will develop … Read more