Selection and Planning of Farmstead and thermal insulation and ventilation process and principle in farm buildings.

Selection and Planning of Farmstead and thermal insulation and ventilation process and principle in farm buildings.

Define Farmstead ? A farmstead is the central area of a farm where buildings and structures are located. It typically includes barns, silos, and storage facilities, serving as the hub for agricultural activities. The layout is designed to make it easy to manage crops and livestock. Selection and Planning of Farmstead When planning a farmstead, … Read more

Components of farm buildings: Foundation, walls, floors, roof, openings (door &windows), beam and column

Components of farm buildings Foundation, walls, floors, roof, openings (door &windows), beam and column

What is Farm buildings ? Farm buildings are structures designed for agricultural use, providing shelter for livestock, storage for equipment and supplies, and space for processing crops. They include barns, silos, stables, and workshops, tailored to meet the specific needs of farming operations. Farm buildings are essential for agriculture, providing shelter for animals, storage for … Read more

Chain survey: methods of linear measurement (pacing, mileage, recorder, taping), types of chains and tapes, ranging (direct and indirect), chaining on sloping ground, chain triangulation, survey lines, offset, obstacles in chaining, and plotting

What is Chain surveying? Chain surveying is a fundamental method in land surveying that involves measuring distances and angles to determine the relative positions of points on the ground. This technique is particularly useful for small areas where accuracy is vital and can be executed using various methods and tools. The following overview covers methods … Read more

Construction materials used in the construction of agricultural  structures; bricks, cement, sand, gravel, timber, steel, CGI sheet, thatch, concrete, and Mortar, RCC, PCC, centering and shuttering

Construction materials used in the construction of agricultural  structures; bricks, cement, sand, gravel, timber, steel, CGI sheet, thatch, concrete, and Mortar, RCC, PCC, centering and shuttering

Agricultural Structures Agricultural structures refer to buildings and facilities specifically designed for various farming activities. These structures play a crucial role in supporting agricultural production, storage, processing, and livestock management. Agricultural buildings such as barns, greenhouses, silos, and livestock shelters rely on various materials selected for their specific functions and environmental suitability. The choice of … Read more

Definition, objective, principle, Leveling instruments, Temporary adjustment, Methods of leveling; Booking and reducing levels (Height of Instrument and Rise Fall Method)

Levelling , objective, principle, Leveling instruments, Temporary adjustment, Methods of leveling; Booking and reducing levels (Height of Instrument and Rise Fall Method)

What is Levelling ? “Levelling” is the process of determining and adjusting the height or elevation of points on the Earth’s surface relative to a common datum, usually mean sea level. It is commonly used in surveying and construction to ensure that structures are built level and accurately reflect the intended design elevation. Levelling is … Read more

Compass survey: introduction, meridians, angles and directions, bearing, interior angles, types of compass, use of prismatic compass, traversing, local attraction, and plotting traverse.

Compass survey: introduction, meridians, angles and directions, bearing, interior angles, types of compass, use of prismatic compass, traversing, local attraction, and plotting traverse.

Compass surveying is a straightforward method used to measure directions, angles, and locations on land using a magnetic compass. It’s particularly useful for small to medium-sized areas, assisting in boundary mapping, construction planning, and engineering projects. Here’s an overview of the basics involved in compass surveying, including concepts such as meridians, bearings, and traversing. Introduction … Read more

Introduction: Definition of surveying, classification, units of measurement, scale (graphical and shrunk scale), conventional signs

Introduction Definition of surveying, classification, units of measurement, scale (graphical and shrunk scale), conventional signs

Introduction Surveying is a key process in fields like civil engineering, construction, and geography, involving the precise measurement of distances, angles, and positions on or near the Earth’s surface. This data is used to create maps, determine boundaries, and plan construction layouts. Let’s delve into the basics of survey, including its definition, types, units of … Read more

Diet, nutritional and degenerative disease

Diets ,nutritional and degenerative disease

The food we eat has a big impact on our health, especially when it comes to degenerative diseases chronic conditions that get worse over time. Our diets can play a big role in either helping protect us from these diseases or increasing our risk of them. Here’s a simple look at how diets impact different … Read more

Food processing: Effect of food processing on nutritional status

Food processing Effect of food processing on nutritional status

Food processing significantly influences the nutritional value of the foods we eat. Though necessary for food safety, flavor enhancement, and longer shelf life, different processing methods can affect nutrient content in both beneficial and detrimental ways. Here’s a breakdown of how food processing impacts nutrition. Defining Food Processing? Food processing encompasses transforming raw ingredients into … Read more