Sareena Basnet
The innovation diffusion process defines how a new concept, product, or technology spreads across a population over time. It consists of several stages-awareness, appraisal, trial, and adoption—in which individuals or organizations decide whether to accept the innovation. People are divided into categories such as innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards, each having … Read more
Contemporary agricultural extension approaches place a premium on participatory, demand-driven, and holistic methodologies. These techniques promote farmer participation in decision-making by leveraging modern technology such as digital platforms, mobile applications, and GIS to improve information dissemination and advisory services. Sustainable agricultural methods, climate resilience, market access, and value chain development are prioritized in order to … Read more
Agricultural extension in Nepal has progressed tremendously since its inception. Its history dates back to the 1950s, when the Department of Agriculture was established with the goal of increasing agricultural output through the diffusion of information and technology. Early attempts were characterized by a top-down approach, with agricultural officers providing training and doing field visits. … Read more
Teaching-learning are guided by foundational theories, laws, and principles that shape effective educational practices. Theories such as behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism provide frameworks for understanding how learners acquire knowledge and skills. Laws like the Law of Effect highlight how behaviors are reinforced or discouraged based on outcomes. Principles such as active engagement, feedback, and differentiation … Read more
Psychology studies the mind and behavior, attempting to comprehend how individuals think, feel, and act. It investigates psychological processes such as perception, memory, and decision-making, as well as emotional and social influences on behavior. Psychology strives to understand the intricacies of human experience via the study of various psychological theories and research, and to apply … Read more
Agriculture development and extension education collaborate to promote food security, environmental conservation, and general quality of life for rural populations. Crop enhancement, soil and water management, insect control, farm mechanization, post-harvest technology, and market access are some of the measures aimed at improving agricultural development, sustainability, and rural livelihoods. Extension education plays an important part … Read more
Extension education is a type of educational outreach that makes university resources and research available to the general public, with the goal of addressing practical challenges and improving quality of life. It entails the distribution of knowledge by non-formal means such as workshops, seminars, and hands-on activities. It focuses on agriculture, health, and community development, … Read more
Education pathways is a diverse process that is critical to society development. It includes formal, informal, and non-formal approaches. Formal education takes place in structured institutions such as schools and universities, where students gain systematic information and accredited degrees. Informal education occurs through everyday encounters, promoting lifelong learning and cultural transmission in the absence of … Read more
Education is a multidimensional process that encourages the development of information, skills, beliefs, and habits. It includes both official settings (schools and universities) and informal contexts (life experiences and personal interactions). Learning and teaching are essential components of it, as are curriculum design, pedagogy, assessment, and the educational environment. It’s key goals include intellectual development, … Read more
Fish diseases and parasites are major challenges for both aquaculture and wild populations, affecting fish health and the economics. Common fish diseases include bacterial infections like columnaris and fin rot, viral infections like infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN), and fungal infections like saprolegniasis. Parasites, such as ich (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis), flukes, and fish lice (Argulus), can have … Read more